Crimes Against Human Life
Homicide
Article 131: Anyone who causes the death of another person shall be punished with imprisonment for a period of ten to twenty years.
Article 132: The crime set out in the previous article shall be punishable by imprisonment for a period of twenty to thirty years if it is carried out under the following circumstances:
1. Against a close relative or someone under the author’s care, even if this relationship has not been judicially declared.
2. As a result of an act of domestic violence.
3. With knowledge that the victim is a pregnant woman, a child aged twelve or younger, or an adult aged seventy or older, or in an act of discrimination or racism.
4. With premeditation.
5. With treachery or the use of poison.
6. For a trivial reason, by means of execution that is cruel, using fire, drowning, suffocation, or another act that endangers public safety.
7. Against a public servant, due to their duties or the functions they perform.
8. To prepare, facilitate, or consummate another crime, even if that crime is not carried out.
9. Immediately after a crime has been committed, to ensure its concealment or to avoid punishment, or because the intended goal was not achieved.
10. By means of a firearm, in a public place or a place frequently visited by people at the time of the crime, against another person without any legitimate reason.
11. In order to remove a vital organ from the victim.
Article 132-A: Anyone who causes the death of a woman under the following circumstances shall be punished with imprisonment for twenty-five to thirty years:
1. When there is a romantic relationship or an attempt to establish or re-establish such a relationship or an intimate emotional bond, or when there are familial ties with the victim.
2. When there is a relationship of trust, or a work, educational, or other type of subordinate or superior relationship with the victim.
3. When the crime is committed in the presence of the victim’s children.
4. When the perpetrator exploits any physical or psychological vulnerability of the victim.
5. As part of a group ritual or for revenge.
6. For the disrespect or abuse of the victim’s body, for sexual gratification, or to commit genital mutilation or any other form of bodily mutilation.
7. When the victim’s body is exposed, disposed of, or thrown in a public or private place, or when the victim was kept isolated prior to their death, regardless of the duration.
8. To cover up a rape.
9. When the victim is pregnant.
10. For any motive related to the victim’s condition as a woman or in the context of unequal power dynamics.
Article 132-B: Anyone who causes the death of another person by contract, for remuneration, or following orders from an organized crime group shall be sentenced to imprisonment for twenty-eight to thirty years. The same penalty applies to those who contract the killing, to the organization members who cooperate with this purpose, and to any other accomplices.
Article 133: Anyone who, through negligence, causes the death of another person shall be punished with imprisonment for three to five years. If the crime results in the death of several people or the death of one person and the injury of others, the sentence will range from three to six years of imprisonment. This penalty may be increased by up to two-thirds if:
1. The perpetrator is a public transport driver who commits the crime during service.
2. The perpetrator is operating heavy, corrosive, or flammable cargo or substances in a dangerous manner.
3. The perpetrator is driving under the influence of alcohol, drugs, or any substances that alter their mental or physical abilities.
4. The crime occurs due to the omission or negligence of those responsible for ensuring safety measures for workers or pedestrians in construction zones.
Article 134: The sanctions described in the previous article shall be increased by half the penalty if the crime is committed during a traffic accident, whether on land, sea, or air, under any of the following circumstances:
1. The perpetrator is under the influence of alcohol or illicit drugs.
2. The crime is the result of a speed competition between motor vehicles in an area not designated for such activity.
3. The perpetrator abandons the scene of the crime without a valid reason.
4. The crime is committed by someone driving a public transport vehicle. In addition to the penalty mentioned in this article, the perpetrator’s driving license will be suspended for the same period as the sentence.
Article 135: Anyone who induces or helps another person to commit suicide shall be imprisoned for one to five years if the suicide is completed.
The penalty will be twelve to fifteen years of imprisonment, along with multidimensional therapeutic treatment in a state or private health center providing specialized care, if the suicide is induced in a woman through abuse.
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